Logical Functions
This category contains the Logical functions.
Handling non-logical arguments in logical functions
- Zero (0) is equivalent to FALSE and all other numbers are equivalent to TRUE.
- Empty cells and text in cells are ignored.
- A #VALUE error is raised if all arguments are ignored.
- A #VALUE error is raised if one argument is direct text (not text in a cell).
- Errors as argument lead to an error.
To access this command...
Insert - Function - Category Logical
ISNA
Returns TRUE if a cell contains the #N/A (value not available) error value.
If an error occurs, the function returns FALSE.
Syntax
ISNA(Value)
Value is the value or expression to be tested.
Example
=ISNA(D3) returns FALSE.
IFERROR
Returns the value if the cell does not contains an error value, or the alternative value if it does.
This function is available since Office 4.0.
Syntax
IFERROR(Value; Alternate-value)
Value is the value or expression to be be returned if it does not equal or result in an error.
Alternate-value is the value or expression to be be returned if the expression or value of Value does equal or result in an error.
Example
=IFERROR(C8;C9) where cell C8 contains =1/0 returns the value of C9, because 1/0 is an error.
=IFERROR(C8;C9) where cell C8 contains 13 returns 13, the value of C8, which is not an error.
IFS
IFS is a multiple IF-function.
SWITCH
SWITCH compares expression with value1 to valuen and returns the result belonging to the first value that equals expression. If there is no match and default-result is given, that will be returned.
AND
Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE. If one of the elements is FALSE, this function returns FALSE.
The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1<5, 2+3=7, B8<10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.
Syntax
AND(Logical 1 [; Logical 2 [; … [; Logical 255]]])
Logical 1, Logical 2, … , Logical 255 are boolean values, references to cells or to cell ranges of logical values.
This function ignores any text or empty cell within a data range. If you suspect wrong results from this function, look for text in the data ranges. To highlight text contents in a data range, use the value highlighting feature.
Example
The logical values of entries 12<13; 14>12 and 7<6 are to be checked:
=AND(12<13;14>12;7<6) returns FALSE.
=AND(FALSE; TRUE) returns FALSE.
FALSE
Returns the logical value FALSE. The FALSE() function does not require any arguments and always returns the logical value FALSE.
Syntax
FALSE()
Example
=FALSE() returns FALSE
=NOT(FALSE()) returns TRUE
IF
Specifies a logical test to be performed.
Syntax
IF(Test [; [ThenValue] [; [OtherwiseValue]]])
Test is any value or expression that can be TRUE or FALSE.
ThenValue (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is TRUE.
OtherwiseValue (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is FALSE.
In the Office Calc functions, parameters marked as "optional" can be left out only when no parameter follows. For example, in a function with four parameters, where the last two parameters are marked as "optional", you can leave out parameter 4 or parameters 3 and 4, but you cannot leave out parameter 3 alone.
Example
=IF(A1>5;100;"too small") If the value in A1 is greater than 5, the value 100 is returned; otherwise, the text too small is returned.
=IF(A1>5;;"too small") If the value in A1 is greater than 5, the value 0 is returned because empty parameters are considered to be 0; otherwise, the text too small is returned.
=IF(A1>5;100;) If the value in A1 is less than 5, the value 0 is returned because the empty OtherwiseValue is interpreted as 0; otherwise 100 is returned.
NOT
Complements (inverts) a logical value.
Syntax
NOT(LogicalValue)
LogicalValue is any value to be complemented.
Example
=NOT(A). If A=TRUE then NOT(A) will return FALSE.
OR
Returns TRUE if at least one argument is TRUE. This function returns the value FALSE if all the arguments have the logical value FALSE.
The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1<5, 2+3=7, B8<10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.
Syntax
OR(Logical 1 [; Logical 2 [; … [; Logical 255]]])
Logical 1, Logical 2, … , Logical 255 are boolean values, references to cells or to cell ranges of logical values.
This function ignores any text or empty cell within a data range. If you suspect wrong results from this function, look for text in the data ranges. To highlight text contents in a data range, use the value highlighting feature.
Example
The logical values of entries 12<11; 13>22 and 45=45 are to be checked.
=OR(12<11;13>22;45=45) returns TRUE.
=OR(FALSE; TRUE) returns TRUE.
TRUE
The logical value is set to TRUE. The TRUE() function does not require any arguments and always returns the logical value TRUE.
Syntax
TRUE()
Example
If A=TRUE and B=FALSE the following examples appear:
=AND(A; B) returns FALSE
=OR(A; B) returns TRUE
=NOT(AND(A; B)) returns TRUE
XOR
Returns true if an odd number of arguments evaluates to TRUE.
The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1<5, 2+3=7, B8<10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.
This function is available since Office 4.0.
Syntax
XOR(Logical 1 [; Logical 2 [; … [; Logical 255]]])
Logical 1, Logical 2, … , Logical 255 are boolean values, references to cells or to cell ranges of logical values.
Example
=XOR(TRUE;TRUE) returns FALSE
=XOR(TRUE;TRUE;TRUE) returns TRUE
=XOR(FALSE;TRUE) returns TRUE