Mathematical Functions
This category contains the Mathematical functions for Calc. To open the Function Wizard, choose Insert - Function.
AGGREGATE
This function returns an aggregate result of the calculations in the range. You can use different aggregate functions listed below. The Aggregate function enables you to omit hidden rows, errors, SUBTOTAL and other AGGREGATE function results in the calculation.
RAWSUBTRACT
Subtracts a set of numbers and gives the result without eliminating small roundoff errors.
SUM
Adds a set of numbers.
COLOUR
Return a numeric value calculated by a combination of three colours (red, green and blue) and the alpha channel, in the RGBA colour system. The result depends on the colour system used by your computer.
SUMIFS
Returns the sum of the values of cells in a range that meets multiple criteria in multiple ranges.
ABS
Returns the absolute value of a number.
Syntax
ABS(Number)
Number is the value whose absolute value is to be calculated. The absolute value of a number is its value without the +/- sign.
Example
=ABS(-56) returns 56.
=ABS(12) returns 12.
=ABS(0) returns 0.
ACOS
Returns the inverse trigonometric cosine (arc cosine) of a number.
Syntax
ACOS(Number)
This function returns the inverse trigonometric cosine of Number, that is the angle (in radians) whose cosine is Number. The angle returned is in the range 0.0 to +PI.
To return the angle in degrees, use the DEGREES function.
Example
=ACOS(-1) returns 3.14159265358979 (PI radians)
=DEGREES(ACOS(0.5)) returns 60. The cosine of 60 degrees is 0.5.
Open file with example:
[
](/files/scalc/trigon.ods)
ACOSH
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number.
Syntax
ACOSH(Number)
This function returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of Number, that is the number whose hyperbolic cosine is Number.
Number must be greater than or equal to +1.0.
Example
=ACOSH(1) returns 0.
=ACOSH(COSH(4)) returns 4.
Open file with example:
ACOT
Returns the inverse trigonometric cotangent (arc cotangent) of the given number.
Syntax
ACOT(Number)
This function returns the inverse trigonometric cotangent of Number, that is the angle (in radians) whose cotangent is Number. The angle returned is in the range 0.0 to +PI.
To return the angle in degrees, use the DEGREES function.
Example
=ACOT(1) returns 0.785398163397448 (PI/4 radians).
=DEGREES(ACOT(1)) returns 45. The tangent of 45 degrees is 1.
Open file with example:
ACOTH
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of the given number.
Syntax
ACOTH(Number)
This function returns the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of Number, that is the number whose hyperbolic cotangent is Number.
An error results if Number is in the range -1.0 to +1.0 inclusive.
Example
=ACOTH(1.1) returns inverse hyperbolic cotangent of 1.1, approximately 1.52226.
Open file with example:
ASIN
Returns the inverse trigonometric sine (arc sine) of a number.
Syntax
ASIN(Number)
This function returns the inverse trigonometric sine of Number, that is the angle (in radians) whose sine is Number. The angle returned is in the range -PI/2 to +PI/2.
To return the angle in degrees, use the DEGREES function.
Example
=ASIN(0) returns 0.
=ASIN(1) returns 1.5707963267949 (PI/2 radians).
=DEGREES(ASIN(0.5)) returns 30. The sine of 30 degrees is 0.5.
Open file with example:
ASINH
Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.
Syntax
ASINH(Number)
This function returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of Number, that is the number whose hyperbolic sine is Number.
Example
=ASINH(-90) returns approximately -5.1929877.
=ASINH(SINH(4)) returns 4.
Open file with example:
ATAN
Returns the inverse trigonometric tangent (arc tangent) of a number.
Syntax
ATAN(Number)
This function returns the inverse trigonometric tangent of Number, that is the angle (in radians) whose tangent is Number. The angle returned is in the range -PI/2 to +PI/2.
To return the angle in degrees, use the DEGREES function.
Example
=ATAN(1) returns 0.785398163397448 (PI/4 radians).
=DEGREES(ATAN(1)) returns 45. The tangent of 45 degrees is 1.
Open file with example:
ATAN2
Returns the angle (in radians) between the x-axis and a line from the origin to the point (NumberX|NumberY).
This function is part of the Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) standard Version 1.2. (ISO/IEC 26300:2-2015)
Syntax
ATAN2(NumberX; NumberY)
NumberX is the value for the x-coordinate.
NumberY is the value for the y-coordinate.
Programming languages have usually the opposite order of arguments for their atan2() function.
ATAN2 returns the angle (in radians) between the x-axis and a line from the origin to the point (NumberX|NumberY)
Example
=ATAN2(-5;9) returns 2.07789 radians.
To get the angle in degrees apply the DEGREES function to the result.
=DEGREES(ATAN2(12.3;12.3)) returns 45. The tangent of 45 degrees is 1.
Office results 0 for ATAN2(0;0).
The function can be used in converting cartesian coordinates to polar coordinates.
=DEGREES(ATAN2(-8;5)) returns φ = 147.9 degrees
Open file with example:
ATANH
Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.
Syntax
ATANH(Number)
This function returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of Number, that is the number whose hyperbolic tangent is Number.
Number must obey the condition -1.0 < Number < +1.0.
Example
=ATANH(0) returns 0.
Open file with example:
COMBIN
Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects (without repetition).
Syntax
COMBIN(Count1; Count2)
Count1 is the number of items in the set.
Count2 is the number of items to choose from the set.
COMBIN returns the number of ordered ways to choose these items. For example if there are 3 items A, B and C in a set, you can choose 2 items in 3 different ways, namely AB, AC and BC.
COMBIN implements the formula: Count1!/(Count2!*(Count1-Count2)!)
Example
=COMBIN(3;2) returns 3.
COMBINA
Returns the number of combinations of a subset of items including repetitions.
Syntax
COMBINA(Count1; Count2)
Count1 is the number of items in the set.
Count2 is the number of items to choose from the set.
COMBINA returns the number of unique ways to choose these items, where the order of choosing is irrelevant, and repetition of items is allowed. For example if there are 3 items A, B and C in a set, you can choose 2 items in 6 different ways, namely AB, BA, AC, CA, BC and CB.
COMBINA implements the formula: (Count1+Count2-1)! / (Count2!(Count1-1)!)
Example
=COMBINA(3;2) returns 6.
CONVERT-OOO
Converts to euros a currency value expressed in one of the legacy currencies of 19 member states of the Eurozone, and vice versa. The conversion uses the fixed exchange rates at which the legacy currencies entered the euro.
We recommend using the more flexible EUROCONVERT function for converting between these currencies. CONVERT-OOO is not a standardised function and is not portable.
Syntax
CONVERT-OOO(Value; "Text1"; "Text2")
Value is the amount of the currency to be converted.
Text1 is a three-character string that specifies the currency to be converted from.
Text2 is a three-character string that specifies the currency to be converted to.
Text1 and Text2 must each take one of the following values: "ATS", "BEF", "CYP", "DEM", "EEK", "ESP", "EUR", "FIM", "FRF", "GRD", "IEP", "ITL", "LTL", "LUF", "LVL", "MTL", "NLG", "PTE", "SIT", and "SKK".
One, and only one, of Text1 or Text2 must be equal to "EUR".
Example
=CONVERT-OOO(100;"ATS";"EUR") returns the euro value of 100 Austrian schillings.
=CONVERT-OOO(100;"EUR";"DEM") converts 100 euros into German marks.
Refer to the CONVERT-OOO wiki page for more details about this function.
COS
Returns the cosine of the given angle (in radians).
Syntax
COS(Number)
Returns the (trigonometric) cosine of Number, the angle in radians.
To return the cosine of an angle in degrees, use the RADIANS function.
Example
=COS(PI()*2) returns 1, the cosine of 2*PI radians.
=COS(RADIANS(60)) returns 0.5, the cosine of 60 degrees.
Open file with example:
COSH
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.
Syntax
COSH(Number)
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of Number.
Example
=COSH(0) returns 1, the hyperbolic cosine of 0.
Open file with example:
COT
Returns the cotangent of the given angle (in radians).
Syntax
COT(Number)
Returns the (trigonometric) cotangent of Number, the angle in radians.
To return the cotangent of an angle in degrees, use the RADIANS function.
The cotangent of an angle is equivalent to 1 divided by the tangent of that angle.
Examples:
=COT(PI()/4) returns 1, the cotangent of PI/4 radians.
=COT(RADIANS(45)) returns 1, the cotangent of 45 degrees.
Open file with example:
COTH
Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of a given number (angle).
Syntax
COTH(Number)
Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of Number.
Example
=COTH(1) returns the hyperbolic cotangent of 1, approximately 1.3130.
Open file with example:
CSC
Returns the cosecant of the given angle (in radians). The cosecant of an angle is equivalent to 1 divided by the sine of that angle
This function is available since Office 3.5.
Syntax
CSC(Number)
Returns the (trigonometric) cosecant of Number, the angle in radians.
To return the cosecant of an angle in degrees, use the RADIANS function.
Example
=CSC(PI()/4) returns approximately 1.4142135624, the inverse of the sine of PI/4 radians.
=CSC(RADIANS(30)) returns 2, the cosecant of 30 degrees.
Open file with example:
CSCH
Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a number.
This function is available since Office 3.5.
Syntax
CSCH(Number)
Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of Number.
Example
=CSCH(1) returns approximately 0.8509181282, the hyperbolic cosecant of 1.
Open file with example:
DEGREES
Converts radians into degrees.
Syntax
DEGREES(Number)
Number is the angle in radians to be converted to degrees.
Example
=DEGREES(PI()) returns 180 degrees.
EUROCONVERT
Converts between old European national currency and to and from euro.
Syntax
EUROCONVERT(Value; "From-currency"; "To-currency" [; full-precision [; triangulation-precision]])
Value is the amount in the currency to be converted.
From-currency and To-currency are the currency units to convert from and to respectively. These must be text, the official abbreviation for the currency (for example, "EUR"). The rates (shown per euro) were set by the European Commission.
Full-precision is optional. If omitted or False, the result is rounded according to the decimals of the To currency. If Full-precision is True, the result is not rounded.
Triangulation-precision is optional. If Triangulation-precision is given and >=3, the intermediate result of a triangular conversion (currency1,EUR,currency2) is rounded to that precision. If Triangulation-precision is omitted, the intermediate result is not rounded. Also if To currency is "EUR", Triangulation-precision is used as if triangulation was needed and conversion from EUR to EUR was applied.
Examples
=EUROCONVERT(100;"ATS";"EUR") converts 100 Austrian Schillings into euro.
=EUROCONVERT(100;"EUR";"DEM") converts 100 euro into German Marks.
EVEN
Rounds a positive number up to the next even integer and a negative number down to the next even integer.
Syntax
EVEN(Number)
Returns Number rounded to the next even integer up, away from zero.
Example
=EVEN(2.3) returns 4.
=EVEN(2) returns 2.
=EVEN(0) returns 0.
=EVEN(-0.5) returns -2.
EXP
Returns e raised to the power of a number. The constant e has a value of approximately 2.71828182845904.
Syntax
EXP(Number)
Number is the power to which e is to be raised.
Example
=EXP(1) returns 2.71828182845904, the mathematical constant e to Calc's accuracy.
FACT
Returns the factorial of a number.
Syntax
FACT(Number)
Returns Number!, the factorial of Number, calculated as 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * ... * Number.
=FACT(0) returns 1 by definition.
The factorial of a negative number returns the "invalid argument" error.
Example
=FACT(3) returns 6.
=FACT(0) returns 1 (by definition).
GCD
Returns the greatest common divisor of two or more integers.
The greatest common divisor is the positive largest integer which will divide, without remainder, each of the given integers.
Syntax
GCD(Integer 1 [; Integer 2 [; … [; Integer 255]]])
Integer 1, Integer 2, … , Integer 255 are integers, references to cells or to cell ranges of integers.
This function ignores any text or empty cell within a data range. If you suspect wrong results from this function, look for text in the data ranges. To highlight text contents in a data range, use the value highlighting feature.
Example
=GCD(16;32;24) gives the result 8, because 8 is the largest number that can divide 16, 24 and 32 without a remainder.
=GCD(B1:B3) where cells B1, B2, B3 contain 9, 12, 9 gives 3.
GCD-EXCEL2003
The result is the greatest common divisor of a list of numbers.
The functions whose names end with -ADD or -EXCEL2003 return the same results as the corresponding Microsoft Excel 2003 functions without the suffix. Use the functions without suffix to get results based on international standards.
Syntax
GCD-EXCEL2003(Number 1 [; Number 2 [; … [; Number 255]]])
Number 1, Number 2, … , Number 255 are numbers, references to cells or to cell ranges of numbers.
Example
=GCD-EXCEL2003(5;15;25) returns 5.
INT
Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
Syntax
INT(Number)
Returns Number rounded down to the nearest integer.
Negative numbers round down to the integer below.
Example
=INT(5.7) returns 5.
=INT(-1.3) returns -2.
LCM
Returns the least common multiple of one or more integers.
Syntax
LCM(Integer 1 [; Integer 2 [; … [; Integer 255]]])
Integer 1, Integer 2, … , Integer 255 are integers, references to cells or to cell ranges of integers.
This function ignores any text or empty cell within a data range. If you suspect wrong results from this function, look for text in the data ranges. To highlight text contents in a data range, use the value highlighting feature.
Example
If you enter the numbers 512; 1024 and 2000 as Integer 1;2 and 3, then 128000 will be returned.
LCM-EXCEL2003
The result is the lowest common multiple of a list of numbers.
The functions whose names end with -ADD or -EXCEL2003 return the same results as the corresponding Microsoft Excel 2003 functions without the suffix. Use the functions without suffix to get results based on international standards.
Syntax
LCM-EXCEL2003(Number 1 [; Number 2 [; … [; Number 255]]])
Number 1, Number 2, … , Number 255 are numbers, references to cells or to cell ranges of numbers.
Example
=LCM-EXCEL2003(5;15;25) returns 75.
LN
Returns the natural logarithm based on the constant e of a number. The constant e has a value of approximately 2.71828182845904.
Syntax
LN(Number)
Number is the value for which the natural logarithm is to be calculated.
Example
=LN(3) returns the natural logarithm of 3 (approximately 1.0986).
=LN(EXP(321)) returns 321.
LOG
Returns the logarithm of a number to the specified base.
Syntax
LOG(Number [; Base])
Number is the value for which the logarithm is to be calculated.
Base (optional) is the base for the logarithm calculation. If omitted, Base 10 is assumed.
Example
=LOG(10;3) returns the logarithm to base 3 of 10 (approximately 2.0959).
=LOG(7^4;7) returns 4.
LOG10
Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number.
Syntax
LOG10(Number)
Returns the logarithm to base 10 of Number.
Example
=LOG10(5) returns the base-10 logarithm of 5 (approximately 0.69897).
MOD
Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor.
Syntax
MOD(Dividend; Divisor)
For integer arguments this function returns Dividend modulo Divisor, that is the remainder when Dividend is divided by Divisor.
This function is implemented as Dividend - Divisor * INT(Dividend/Divisor) and this formula gives the result if the arguments are not integer.
Example
=MOD(22;3) returns 1, the remainder when 22 is divided by 3.
=MOD(11.25;2.5) returns 1.25.
MROUND
Returns a number rounded to the nearest multiple of another number.
Syntax
MROUND(Number; Multiple)
Returns Number rounded to the nearest multiple of Multiple.
An alternative implementation would be Multiple * ROUND(Number/Multiple).
Example
=MROUND(15.5;3) returns 15, as 15.5 is closer to 15 (= 3*5) than to 18 (= 3*6).
=MROUND(1.4;0.5) returns 1.5 (= 0.5*3).
MULTINOMIAL
Returns the factorial of the sum of the arguments divided by the product of the factorials of the arguments.
Syntax
MULTINOMIAL(Number 1 [; Number 2 [; … [; Number 255]]])
Number 1, Number 2, … , Number 255 are numbers, references to cells or to cell ranges of numbers.
This function ignores any text or empty cell within a data range. If you suspect wrong results from this function, look for text in the data ranges. To highlight text contents in a data range, use the value highlighting feature.
Example
=MULTINOMIAL(F11:H11) returns 1260, if F11 to H11 contain the values 2, 3 and 4. This corresponds to the formula =(2+3+4)! / (2!*3!*4!)
ODD
Rounds a positive number up to the nearest odd integer and a negative number down to the nearest odd integer.
Syntax
ODD(Number)
Returns Number rounded to the next odd integer up, away from zero.
Example
=ODD(1.2) returns 3.
=ODD(1) returns 1.
=ODD(0) returns 1.
=ODD(-3.1) returns -5.
PI
Returns 3.14159265358979..., the value of the mathematical constant PI to 14 decimal places.
Syntax
PI()
Example
=PI() returns 3.14159265358979... as a rounded value.
POWER
Returns the result of a number raised to a power.
Syntax
POWER(Base; Power) or Base ^ Power
Returns Base raised to the power of Power.
The same result may be achieved by using the exponentiation operator ^:
Base^Power
=POWER(0,0) returns 1.
Example
=POWER(4;3) returns 64, which is 4 to the power of 3.
=4^3 also returns 4 to the power of 3.
PRODUCT
Multiplies all the numbers given as arguments and returns the product.
Syntax
PRODUCT(Number 1 [; Number 2 [; … [; Number 255]]])
Number 1, Number 2, … , Number 255 are numbers, references to cells or to cell ranges of numbers.
This function ignores any text or empty cell within a data range. If you suspect wrong results from this function, look for text in the data ranges. To highlight text contents in a data range, use the value highlighting feature.
Example
=PRODUCT(2;3;4) returns 24.
QUOTIENT
Returns the integer result of a division operation.
Syntax
QUOTIENT(Numerator; Denominator)
Returns the integer part of Numerator divided by Denominator.
QUOTIENT is equivalent to INT(numerator/denominator) for same-sign numerator and denominator, except that it may report errors with different error codes. More generally, it is equivalent to INT(numerator/denominator/SIGN(numerator/denominator))*SIGN(numerator/denominator).
Example
=QUOTIENT(11;3) returns 3. The remainder of 2 is omitted.
RADIANS
Converts degrees to radians.
Syntax
RADIANS(Number)
Number is the angle in degrees to be converted to radians.
Example
=RADIANS(90) returns 1.5707963267949, which is PI/2 to Calc's accuracy.
RAND
Returns a random number in the range 0.0 to 1.0.
This function is always recalculated whenever a recalculation occurs.
Syntax
RAND()
This function produces a new random number each time Calc recalculates. To force Calc to recalculate manually press F9.
To generate random numbers which never recalculate, either:
- Copy cells each containing =RAND(), and use Edit - Paste Special (with Paste All and Formulas not marked and Numbers marked).
- Use the Fill Cell command with random numbers (Sheet - Fill Cells - Fill Random Numbers).
- Use the RAND.NV() function for non-volatile random numbers.
Example
=RAND() returns a random number in the range 0.0 to 1.0.
RAND.NV
Returns a non-volatile random number between 0 and 1.
Syntax
RAND.NV()
This function produces a non-volatile random number on input. A non-volatile function is not recalculated at new input events. The function does not recalculate when pressing F9, except when the cursor is on the cell containing the function or using the Recalculate Hard command (Shift+Ctrl+F9). The function is recalculated when opening the file.
Example
=RAND.NV() returns a non-volatile random number between 0 and 1.
Technical information
This function is available since Office 7.0.
This function is not part of the Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) Version 1.3. Part 4: Recalculated Formula (OpenFormula) Format standard. The name space is
ORG.LIBREOFFICE.RAND.NV
RANDBETWEEN
Returns an integer random number in a specified range.
This function is always recalculated whenever a recalculation occurs.
Syntax
RANDBETWEEN(Bottom; Top)
Returns an integer random number between integers Bottom and Top (both inclusive).
This function produces a new random number each time Calc recalculates. To force Calc to recalculate manually press F9.
To generate random numbers which never recalculate, copy cells containing this function and use Edit - Paste Special (with Paste All and Formulae not marked and Numbers marked).
Example
=RANDBETWEEN(20;30) returns an integer in the range 20 to 30.
RANDBETWEEN.NV
Returns an non-volatile integer random number in a specified range.
Syntax
RANDBETWEEN.NV(Bottom; Top)
Returns an non-volatile integer random number between integers Bottom and Top (both inclusive). A non-volatile function is not recalculated at new input events or pressing F9. However, the function is recalculated when pressing F9 with the cursor on the cell containing the function, when opening the file, when using the Recalculate Hard command (Shift+Ctrl+F9) and when Top or Bottom are recalculated.
Example
=RANDBETWEEN.NV(20;30) returns a non-volatile integer between 20 and 30.
=RANDBETWEEN.NV(A1;30) returns a non-volatile integer between the value of cell A1 and 30. The function is recalculated when the contents of cell A1 change.
Technical information
This function is available since Office 7.0.
This function is not part of the Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) Version 1.3. Part 4: Recalculated Formula (OpenFormula) Format standard. The name space is
ORG.LIBREOFFICE.RANDBETWEEN.NV
ROUND
Returns a number rounded to a certain number of decimal places.
Syntax
ROUND(Number [; Count])
Returns Number rounded to Count decimal places. If Count is omitted or zero, the function rounds to the nearest integer. If Count is negative, the function rounds to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, etc.
This function rounds to the nearest number. See ROUNDDOWN and ROUNDUP for alternatives.
Example
=ROUND(2.348;2) returns 2.35
=ROUND(-32.4834;3) returns -32.483. Change the cell format to see all decimals.
=ROUND(2.348;0) returns 2.
=ROUND(2.5) returns 3.
=ROUND(987.65;-2) returns 1000.
ROUNDDOWN
Truncates a number while keeping a specified number of decimal digits.
ROUNDUP
Rounds a number up, away from zero, to a certain precision.
Syntax
ROUNDUP(Number [; Count])
Returns Number rounded up (away from zero) to Count decimal places. If Count is omitted or zero, the function rounds up to an integer. If Count is negative, the function rounds up to the next 10, 100, 1000, etc.
This function rounds away from zero. See ROUNDDOWN and ROUND for alternatives.
Example
=ROUNDUP(1.1111;2) returns 1.12.
=ROUNDUP(1.2345;1) returns 1.3.
=ROUNDUP(45.67;0) returns 46.
=ROUNDUP(-45.67) returns -46.
=ROUNDUP(987.65;-2) returns 1000.
SEC
Returns the secant of the given angle (in radians). The secant of an angle is equivalent to 1 divided by the cosine of that angle
This function is available since Office 3.5.
Syntax
SEC(Number)
Returns the (trigonometric) secant of Number, the angle in radians.
To return the secant of an angle in degrees, use the RADIANS function.
Example
=SEC(PI()/4) returns approximately 1.4142135624, the inverse of the cosine of PI/4 radians.
=SEC(RADIANS(60)) returns 2, the secant of 60 degrees.
Open file with example:
SECH
Returns the hyperbolic secant of a number.
This function is available since Office 3.5.
Syntax
SECH(Number)
Returns the hyperbolic secant of Number.
Example
=SECH(0) returns 1, the hyperbolic secant of 0.
Open file with example:
SERIESSUM
Sums the first terms of a power series.
SERIESSUM(x;n;m;c) = c1xn + c2xn+m + c3xn+2m + ... + cixn + (i-1)m.
Syntax
SERIESSUM(X; N; M; Coefficients)
X is the input value for the power series.
N is the initial power
M is the increment by which to increase N
Coefficients is a series of coefficients. For each coefficient the series sum is extended by one section.
Example
=SERIESSUM(A1; 0; 1; {1; 2; 3}) calculates the value of 1+2x+3x2, where x is the value in cell A1. If A1 contains 1, the formula returns 6; if A1 contains 2, the formula returns 17; if A1 contains 3, the formula returns 34; and so on.
Refer to the SERIESSUM wiki page for more details about this function.
SIGN
Returns the sign of a number. Returns +1 if the number is positive, -1 if negative and 0 if zero.
Syntax
SIGN(Number)
Number is the number of which the sign is to be determined.
Example
=SIGN(3.4) returns 1.
=SIGN(-4.5) returns -1.
SIN
Returns the sine of the given angle (in radians).
Syntax
SIN(Number)
Returns the (trigonometric) sine of Number, the angle in radians.
To return the sine of an angle in degrees, use the RADIANS function.
Example
=SIN(PI()/2) returns 1, the sine of PI/2 radians.
=SIN(RADIANS(30)) returns 0.5, the sine of 30 degrees.
Open file with example:
SINH
Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number.
Syntax
SINH(Number)
Returns the hyperbolic sine of Number.
Example
=SINH(0) returns 0, the hyperbolic sine of 0.
Open file with example:
SQRT
Returns the positive square root of a number.
Syntax
SQRT(Number)
Returns the positive square root of Number.
Number must be positive.
Example
=SQRT(16) returns 4.
=SQRT(-16) returns an invalid argument error.
SQRTPI
Returns the square root of (PI times a number).
Syntax
SQRTPI(Number)
Returns the positive square root of (PI multiplied by Number).
This is equivalent to SQRT(PI()*Number).
Example
=SQRTPI(2) returns the square root of (2PI), approximately 2.506628.
SUBTOTAL
Calculates subtotals. If a range already contains subtotals, these are not used for further calculations. Use this function with the AutoFilters to take only the filtered records into account.
Syntax
SUBTOTAL(Function; Range)
Function is a number that stands for one of the following functions:
| Function index (includes hidden values) | Function index (ignores hidden values) | Function |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 101 | AVERAGE |
| 2 | 102 | COUNT |
| 3 | 103 | COUNTA |
| 4 | 104 | MAX |
| 5 | 105 | MIN |
| 6 | 106 | PRODUCT |
| 7 | 107 | STDEV |
| 8 | 108 | STDEVP |
| 9 | 109 | SUM |
| 10 | 110 | VAR |
| 11 | 111 | VARP |
Use numbers 1-11 to include manually hidden rows or 101-111 to exclude them; filtered-out cells are always excluded.
Range is the range of cells included.
This function ignores any text or empty cell within a data range. If you suspect wrong results from this function, look for text in the data ranges. To highlight text contents in a data range, use the value highlighting feature.
Example
You have a table in the cell range A1:B6 containing a bill of material for 10 students. Row 2 (Pen) is manually hidden. You want to see the sum of the figures that are displayed; that is, just the subtotal for the filtered rows. In this case the correct formula would be:
| | A | B | | | ---- | --------- | ------------ | | 1 | ITEM | QUANTITY | | 2 | Pen | 10 | | 3 | Pencil | 10 | | 4 | Notebook | 10 | | 5 | Rubber | 10 | | 6 | Sharpener | 10 |
=SUBTOTAL(9;B2:B6) returns 50.
=SUBTOTAL(109;B2:B6) returns 40.
SUMIF
Adds the cells specified by a given criterion. This function is used to sum a range when you search for a certain value.
The search supports wildcards or regular expressions. With regular expressions enabled, you can enter "all.*", for example to find the first location of "all" followed by any characters. If you want to search for a text that is also a regular expression, you must either precede every character with a "\" character, or enclose the text into \Q...\E. You can switch the automatic evaluation of wildcards or regular expression on and off in Tools - Options - Office Calc - Calculate.
When using functions where one or more arguments are search criteria strings that represents a regular expression, the first attempt is to convert the string criteria to numbers. For example, ".0" will convert to 0.0 and so on. If successful, the match will not be a regular expression match but a numeric match. However, when switching to a locale where the decimal separator is not the dot makes the regular expression conversion work. To force the evaluation of the regular expression instead of a numeric expression, use some expression that can not be misread as numeric, such as ".[0]" or ".\0" or "(?i).0".
Syntax
SUMIF(Range; Criterion [; SumRange])
Range is the range to which the criterion is to be applied.
Criterion: A criterion is a single cell Reference, Number or Text. It is used in comparisons with cell contents.
A reference to an empty cell is interpreted as the numeric value 0.
A matching expression can be:
- A Number or Logical value. A matching cell content equals the Number or Logical value.
- A value beginning with a comparator (<, <=, =, >, >=, <>).
For =, if the value is empty it matches empty cells.
For <>, if the value is empty it matches non-empty cells.
For <>, if the value is not empty it matches any cell content except the value, including empty cells.
Note: "=0" does not match empty cells.
For = and <>, if the value is not empty and can not be interpreted as a Number type or one of its subtypes and the property Search criteria = and <> must apply to whole cells is checked, comparison is against the entire cell contents, if unchecked, comparison is against any subpart of the field that matches the criteria. For = and <>, if the value is not empty and can not be interpreted as a Number type or one of its subtypes applies.
- Other Text value. If the property Search criteria = and <> must apply to whole cells is true, the comparison is against the entire cell contents, if false, comparison is against any subpart of the field that matches the criteria. The expression can contain text, numbers, regular expressions or wildcards (if enabled in calculation options).
SumRange is the range from which values are summed. If this parameter has not been indicated, the values found in the Range are summed.
SUMIF supports the reference concatenation operator (~) only in the Criterion parameter, and only if the optional SumRange parameter is not given.
Example
To sum only negative numbers: =SUMIF(A1:A10;"<0")
=SUMIF(A1:A10;">0";B1:B10) - sums values from the range B1:B10 only if the corresponding values in the range A1:A10 are >0.
See COUNTIF() for some more syntax examples that can be used with SUMIF().
SUMSQ
Calculates the sum of the squares of a set of numbers.
Syntax
SUMSQ(Number 1 [; Number 2 [; … [; Number 255]]])
Number 1, Number 2, … , Number 255 are numbers, references to cells or to cell ranges of numbers.
This function ignores any text or empty cell within a data range. If you suspect wrong results from this function, look for text in the data ranges. To highlight text contents in a data range, use the value highlighting feature.
Example
If you enter the numbers 2; 3 and 4 in the Number 1; 2 and 3 arguments, 29 is returned as the result.
TAN
Returns the tangent of the given angle (in radians).
Syntax
TAN(Number)
Returns the (trigonometric) tangent of Number, the angle in radians.
To return the tangent of an angle in degrees, use the RADIANS function.
Example
=TAN(PI()/4) returns 1, the tangent of PI/4 radians.
=TAN(RADIANS(45)) returns 1, the tangent of 45 degrees.
Open file with example:
TANH
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.
Syntax
TANH(Number)
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of Number.
Example
=TANH(0) returns 0, the hyperbolic tangent of 0.
Open file with example:
TRUNC
Truncates a number while keeping a specified number of decimal digits.